A couple years ago, on a mountain top in Colorado, I
overheard a couple young people one-upping each other in a contest of “Well, I
am going to . . .” “I think the next peak I want to try is Pike’s peak.” “Yeah,
that would be sweet. But I want to go to the Alps. Climb there.” “Yeah,
totally. .
. After that, though, I want to go to
Kilamanjaro. I hear that totally rocks.” “Oh, yeah. Me, too.” Contemplative
silence. Then the most jock-swaggering of the pair spoke, “But Tibet. That’s
the
ultimate, right? I am
totally going to climb in Tibet.” “Yeah!
Oh! Me, too! Let’s do it! Let’s go to Tibet! Let’s meet there . . . in like
2014. I’ll graduate in May 2014. Let’s meet in
Tibet!”
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| View out hotel window |
And that was the end
of it because, as anyone overhearing the conversation could tell, it stopped at
Tibet. Tibet was the ultimate. There was no topping Tibet.
At the time I rolled my eyes in that way adults do when kids
talk stupid smack with each other. I felt like interjecting, in my best teen
twang, “Yeah. Like, right. Tibet in
2014. Let’s do it, man!” Dick-wagging pipe dreams, I
scoffed. Adolescent hubris.
It never crossed my mind that I would be the one to find
myself in Tibet in May 2014. Never in a million years.
Yet here I am. With Zephaniah. 2014. Tibet. Wild. I wonder if either of those two
college students made it.
Our journey to Tibet was the culmination of our travels in
China. We have been to the east coast cities, the southern beaches, the gorges
and Yangtze River. We have traveled to see waterfalls and kung fu boy monks. We
have walked on the wall and cuddled a panda (well, Z did). We have gazed over
pits of terra cotta warriors, played with monkeys, hiked up mountains, soaked in
hot springs, biked on top of the Old City Wall, visited the God of Hell, and
seen Mao. We have patronized country artists and heard some classic (ear-splitting)
Chinese opera. Our last big trip of the year was flying into Lhasa, Tibet and
experiencing a wholly different culture.
A little history: China believes Tibet belongs to them. That
is why, in the states, you sometimes see bumper stickers that say “Free Tibet.”
Politically/liberal-minded folks find this Chinese occupation of Tibet appalling.
In 1959 the Chinese government marched into Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, and
seized power. The Dali Lama, the religious and political leader of the Buddhist
country, was sent into exile – and has been gone ever since. The Tibetans are
peace-loving Buddhists, so they didn’t have a chance against tanks and guns.
While China believes Tibet is part of China, Tibet and
Tibetans believe China is not part of
them. Nevertheless, because the Chinese government has been a military
occupying force for the past 50+ years, the Chinese government controls Tibet.
The Chinese government will not allow any foreigners to travel to Tibet without
a permit. This must be procured through a travel agency, so a hopeful and
interested tourist must ask the government if – pretty please – whether he/she can
go to Tibet. Even if the permit is granted, there is no “meandering about” for
foreign tourists. You must have a
government-approved guide every moment you are in Tibet. Must. The guide will
meet you at the airport or at the train station and be attached at your hip for
the duration of your visit. You must have a documented itinerary and you are
not supposed to deviate from it. You are limited to excursions in the city of
Lhasa, unless you have a different permit that will allow travel exclusively to
the places listed. These strict
regulations of foreign tourists in Tibet are to prevent any more bad press from
leaking out about the Chinese occupation there.
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| Woman selling prayer beads in Drepung Monastery |
The U.S. government
has done their fair share of cultural occupation and annihilation. Native
Americans. The history and legacy of slavery. Most recently: Iraq. Afghanistan.
Iran. We tend to believe the narratives, the fictions, our governments tell us
about their reasons for occupying other people’s countries. As someone who
lived in an African/Muslim country for three years, I was outraged at the
narrative the Bush and then the Obama administration peddled regarding the
backward ways, the terrorist culture, and the “we must free the girls and
women” junk that was trotted out to convince American citizens than in fact the
wars/occupations were good things.
This well-spun propaganda was an excuse to vilify the very cultures and
countries our government had invaded for the profits gained by war and access
to oil.
Lhasa is said to be “the rooftop of the world.” That is
because it sits at an altitude of 12,000 feet – the highest city on the planet.
If a wannabe tourist is stupid enough to go online and look at travel reports
for people who have visited Lhasa, he/she will read a raft of horror stories
about altitude sickness and ruined vacations due to nausea, migraines, vomiting,
and heart attacks from thin air.
As a regular traveler to Colorado and hiker of mountains
higher than 12K feet, I wasn’t very concerned, but I made sure Z and I took some
altitude medicine just in case. It is traditional Chinese medicine, a grainy
powder that looks and tastes like dirt. Our guide told us, when we arrived, not
to shower or bathe for three days. When I inquired why, he said we had energy
on our skin that we brought with us. If we washed it off, it would weaken us.
Better to keep it on. I am inclined to say the dirt tincture and the no shower
advice worked since neither Z nor I had any harsh altitude issues.
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| Hotel entrance |
The air, however, is
thin. Z kept trying to run and jump in his typical fashion, only to end up
panting and holding his noggin: “head rush.” I would remind him, “Take it slow.
Don’t run. Just walk.” Impossible advice to follow. Off he would skip only to
slow down like a spent wind-up toy after a few, short hops. “Whoa. Head rush.” Yup. 86% oxygen saturation
does make one slow down a bit.
The other thing it
does it makes you giddy. One evening Z and I were kicking a soccer ball around
the hotel courtyard and all of a sudden we were both howling in inexplicable
laughter. What was so funny? I have no idea. Not enough oxygen to the brain. As
both Z and I doubled over in senseless, ab-aching giggles I thought, “Why are
we laughing? Why does it feel like I just shared a joint with my child?”
I tried running a couple days after we arrived. It was
comic. I would run for about seven minutes and
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| Potala Palace |
then pant and walk for three.
Run. Pant and walk. The locals would look at me like I was insane. I guess I
was.
Potala Palace, one of the main tourist stops in Lhasa,
requires another 2,000 foot climb from foot to top. Everyone said, “Save the
palace for one of your last days after your body has had a chance to adjust to
the thin air.” Our wiry little chain-smoking Tibetan guide took us to Potala on
the second day. Perhaps to test our mettle. Perhaps to gauge our commitment.
Perhaps to mock the fat, white Americans. I made it to the top of the palace,
no problem, but Z was bent over, hands on knees, after the first 1,000 feet or
so of nearly vertical stairs. Our guide, Tsenreng – which means “strong” in
Tibetan – had pity on the wee, winded and pasty American lad and took him down
to the gardens and I hooked up with one of Tsenreng’s buddies who was
shepherding a couple of Brit tourists through the high-altitude palace.
In a small moment, I did point out to Z that there were
young mothers climbing up the palace steps with toddlers strapped to their backs. He refused to be guilted or
bullied into continuing and had a fine time down in the garden exercising his
lower body muscles.
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| Pilgrims turning prayer wheels at the foot of Potala Palace |
Because Lhasa is the
political, cultural, and religious capital of Tibet, there are lots of Buddhist
pilgrims who visit the palace and temples and gardens. These pilgrims are easy
to spot as they tend to dress in traditional garb (long, woolen skirts with
colorful aprons for the women) and are spinning prayer wheels and counting
beads as they walk. As they walk, they recite scripture or say mantras. One of
the most common mantras is “Om Ma Ne Pad Mai Hum” or “God/desses, demi-god/desses,
prophets, people, animals, demons” – the hierarchy of beings in a spirituality
that believes in reincarnation, Karma, and just desserts.
Z bought a ring with the “Om Ma Ne Pad Mai Hum” mantra on it
at a gewgaw stall outside one of the temples and Tsenreng was aghast that
someone would carve the mantra on a ring . . . think of
where a young man’s
hands go! Tsenreng said the mantra was much too sacred to be on anything that
would get dirty. I asked him if it would be better to get a string and hang it
around Z’s neck. He said that would be OK. As long as Z took it off when he
took a shower to prevent his body dirt from washing over it.
Walking through the temples (lots of temples) I would hear the hum of the “Om” chant. It starts
low and tends to vibrate through the middle of your body, carrying you along
with the mass of people as if connected by the very sound. I found myself
“om”ing along with the pilgrims almost involuntarily.
In the temples people would bring thermoses and jars of yak
butter to offer to the gods and demi-gods or departed Dali Lama’s. The pilgrims
would also leave money or fruit or even beer at the altars/shrines within the
temples. Tibetans are partial to barley beer, which I hope the god/desses like
better than I did: too bitter and not enough carbonation. One of Z’s favorite temple
activities was sticking small bills into crevices and under statues as we
weaved through the temples, admiring the golden statues, the history-telling
murals, and intricate tapestries that covered every inch of wall space. No one
would ever accuse the Tibetan Buddhists of being minimalists when it comes to
interior decorating.
Our days in Lhasa
were filled with visits to monasteries, temples, and gardens. Each monastery or
temple had a unique history and pilgrims would travel to the temple or
monastery for different reasons. The Drepung Monestary, built into the side of
a mountain in the 7th century, was known for
its 45 meter square
Thangka, a painting of a Buddha. The gargantuan thangka is only rolled out on a
mountain side pallet once a year, but stored inside the temple in a really
loooooooooong cupboard when not in use. The pilgrims believe that walking under
the cupboard will bring them luck. The cupboard is suspended above the floor of
the temple about three feet, so walking under it is easier for kids than
adults. Z joined the thangka line and did the necessary hunch-walk under the 45
meter length of cupboard. I was convinced the man in front of him, carrying a
baby on his back, would not make it through the walk without either losing his
balance and pitching forward or thonking the baby’s head against the bottom
part of the cupboard.
At the Sera Monastery
(est. 1419) the monks are known for healing people of bad dreams (casting out
pesky bad-dream demons). Tibetans bring their children to the monks to be
blessed/healed and there were many young children/toddlers and babies brought
before the monks to be smudged the day we were there. Z got into line with the
rest of them and placed his face against a dirty tapestry and genuflect before
a yak-faced god, then presented his face to a monk who smeared a greasy, sooty
mark on his nose. Bad dreams be gone. Z generally doesn’t suffer from bad
dreams, but he has a recent one about not having good cards at a Pokemon
tournament, which caused him to cry out in his sleep. The dreams of the
privileged class.
I think the Sera monks must also have a soft spot in their
hearts for dogs because that monastery was filled
with dogs and puppies. One is always immediately aware of the difference
between a developed country and a poor country by the status of and concern for
animals. In the states, we tend to anthropomorphize our pets and treat them
better than most children are treated in other places of the world. In poor
countries like Tibet animals are left to their own devices, even if that means
brutality and starvation. There were several dogs at the monastery that looked
close to death from starvation and one dog with a broken leg that shivered
helplessly by some stone steps. Z and I both spied a puppy carrying a bloody,
dead kitten around in his mouth.
These scenes are hard. Even harder are the dirty urchins who
beg on the streets in Lhasa and outside the temples. Looking not unlike
characters out of a Dickens novel, we would fill their hats with bills and look
guiltily away as we hurried by to our next Tibetan adventure, the contrast
between their lives and Z’s unfathomable and inexplicable.
One of the rituals
the pilgrims perform on their way to the temples is to do a full-body, to the
ground, genuflect, and then rise up again to full height. With their feet tied
together. It looks like a tremendous workout, to say the least. And they don’t
just do one of them, but hundreds of them. They count out the
number on their prayer beads.
Tsenreng said these extreme-sport genuflections, that make
the kneeling and rising at a Catholic mass look like a parlor game, are often
done from great distances away. Sometimes a pilgrim does the inch
worm crawl
from his/her home village to the temple. He said they tie their feet together
because to have your feet move apart is seen as bad energy, disrespectful to
the gods. Ditto for your fingers, so most pilgrims wear wooden mitts on their
hands, both to protect them from the continual scraping against the stones and cement
and to keep their fingers together. No protection for the knees that I saw. I
would want some knee pads as well, I
think.
This is how one of these genuflections goes: Stand straight
and bend to kneeling. Go from kneeling to
lying face down on the ground. Sweep
your arms, snow-angel-like, from over your head to your sides. Bring your hands
to your chest level and push/pull yourself up to a standing position. Repeat x
100 or so. Who needs Pilates or hot yoga?
On one of our forays outside of Lhasa, we were speeding
along the road about 60 km per hour and passed a pilgrim, in the middle of
nowhere, doing his inch-worm crawl on the narrow shoulder of the highway. We
were about 70 km from the temple in Lhasa. He was on his ways to the Jokhang
Temple, I presume. If he didn’t get killed by a car or truck first. He was
making his way hour after hour, day after day, doing the inch-worm
genuflections until he reached the temple gate. Holy yak.
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| Monks at Sera Monastery |
We saw the pilgrim on our way home from the Yang Bajing hot
springs. It was snowing that morning when we got up, so a great day to go sit
in some really hot water in the mountains. The hot springs are “the highest hot
springs in the world” and the energy from the springs and geysers has been
harnessed to supply most of the energy for the city of Lhasa.
The water was beyond hot,
i.e. 40-60 degrees Celsius (105-140 degrees Fahrenheit). The water was so
scorching that in one area, far too hot to even touch, some of the workers has
put eggs in the water to cook for lunch.
The day we were
there the springs were deserted. We were the only tourists. Because we were the
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| Cooking eggs in the hot springs |
only ones there, we were quite the attraction in and of ourselves. The workers
followed us around, no matter what pool we chose to play or lounge in, smiling
and laughing at our forays. I felt like a dolphin at SeaWorld.
In packing for Tibet, I didn’t think to pack my bathing suit
so I had to buy one at the springs (there is always a bathing suit stand
outside hot springs). Typically I like two-piece bathing suits. I have tried
one-piece suits but they always seem to squish my boobs, cut into my shoulders,
ride up my butt or bag around me like
wet diapers. However, the woman at the bathing suit stand took one look at me
and handed me a one piece. Great.
Having never seen me in anything but a two-piece suit, when
I emerged from the changing room, Z guffawed and spit, “What the heck is that?”
Me: “Leave me alone. It’s a one-piece bathing suit.”
Z suppressed a chuckle. “What happens when you fart in that
thing?”
Me: (getting neck deep in water as soon as possible to avoid
further humiliation) “What? I don’t know! Ewww. Why would you even think of
that? What?”
Z: “Come on! Fart! Let’s see what happens.”
Me: “No. People can’t just fart on command.”
Z: “I can.” Bubbles rose suspiciously in close proximity.
Me: “Disgusting. Please never put ‘farting on command’ on
your resume under ‘Special Skills’.”
Throughout our three hour soak in the various pools at the
springs, surrounded by snow-capped mountains, Z would periodically ask me,
“Have you farted yet? You will tell me when you do, right?”
When it came time to leave, our fingers and feet shriveled
and white, Z said, “No! I don’t want to leave until you show me what happens
when you fart in a one-piece bathing suit.”
“Google it,” I said, getting out of the pool, feeling the
cold assault of the mountain air.
The drive to and from the hot springs, about 90 km, was
interested for many reasons. One of which was the line of over 100 military
tanks (I stopped counting at 100) that snaked outside of town. There are also
police and military check points for everyone who is traveling more than a few
kilometers outside the city. Uniformed men with intimidating sun glasses and
guns would wave the Jeep over. The driver and guide would present papers. The
guide would be asked to step out of the car and into the office. Whatever went
on in the office, I don’t know. Probably not a friendly game of Mahjong.
Intimidating military personnel would peer through the Jeep’s windows to check
out the American tourists. The guide would return and we would be shooed on
down the road.
I hadn’t experienced that level of military control since I
traveled to Columbia in the late 1990s. In Columbia, I understood it. At the time, Columbia was named the “Most
Dangerous Place to Visit”: kidnappings, drug wars, Uzis on every corner and
machine gun fire at night. In Tibet? What? Buddhists with prayer wheels? Come
on.
The countryside
outside Lhasa is rocky and beautiful with endless miles of farm land, flowing
rivers,
and fluttering lines of colorful prayer flags marking seemingly barren
mountains. Yaks were everywhere and their owners tag them with colorful woven
earrings (red and white macramé with jingle bells were the most popular) that
dangled as they walked. Some farmers were in their fields doing spring
plantings and their yaks wore elaborate head-dresses to encourage a good crop.
These elegantly festooned yaks looked as if they were ready for some sort of
high couture animal ball or Mardi Gras party as they jangled along in the moist
earth, pulling a heavy blade.
Yaks are an
essential part of most Tibetans’ diets. I asked Tsenreng why since most
Buddhists tend to be vegetarian (reincarnation means you don’t want to risk eating
your grandma if she comes back as a cow or chicken, poor thing). He said in mountainous,
arid Tibet the yak protein was needed to survive the winter months.
We didn’t try yak
meat, but we did try yak yogurt which was lumpy and rich, although more sour
than the yogurt we are used to. There were plenty of vegetarian dishes and fare
in Lhasa and the food was delicious. The vegetable momos were our favorite – a
little of pocket dough with vegetable goodness inside. Besides Tibetan food,
there was Nepali and Indian food widely available. We feasted on naan, momos,
curry, basmati rice, korma sauces, and various fried pockets of bread stuffed
with amazing combinations of spices and vegetables. We ate well in Tibet and
all of it was good.
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| Steps leading to the top of Potala Palace |
Our hotel was a block from the
Jokhang Temple, surrounded by bazaars. The courtyard was filled with prayer
flags that fluttered against our windows, the sound lulling us to sleep at
night and the shadows of the rising sun from behind the grey and lavender mountains
waking us in the morning. Outside our hotel windows we could see the nearby
peaks, a backdrop for the incense smoke billowing up from the temple. There is
a feeling of peace and endless beauty to this place. Woven throughout the
serene culture and landscape is the menacing presence of Chinese guns and paddy
wagons and men in military khakis marching goose-step through the streets, an
angry and senseless contrast to these mountain people.
Free Tibet.
On May 22, 2014 during the spring meeting of the Board of Governors of MWSU, Dr. Michael Charlton was awarded tenure and promoted to the rank of Associate Professor of English and awarded distinction in the area of teaching effectiveness. Michael will also assume the duties of Director of Graduate Studies this fall. 
